module os

// NotExpected is a generic error that means that we receave a not expected error.
pub struct NotExpected {
    cause string
    code  int
}

fn (err NotExpected) msg() string {
    return err.cause
}

fn (err NotExpected) code() int {
    return err.code
}

pub struct File {
mut:
    cfile voidptr // Using void* instead of FILE*
pub:
    fd int
pub mut:
    is_opened bool
}

fn C.fseeko(&C.FILE, u64, i32) i32

fn C._fseeki64(&C.FILE, u64, i32) i32

fn C.getc(&C.FILE) i32

fn C.freopen(&char, &char, &C.FILE) &C.FILE

fn C._wfreopen(&u16, &u16, &C.FILE) &C.FILE

fn fix_windows_path(path string) string {
    mut p := path
    $if windows {
        p = path.replace('/', '\\')
    }
    return p
}

// open_file tries to open or create a file with custom flags and permissions.
@[noinline]
pub fn open_file(path string, mode string, options ...int) !File {
    mut flags := 0
    mut seek_to_end := false
    for m in mode {
        match m {
            `w` {
                flags |= o_create | o_trunc | o_wronly
            }
            `a` {
                flags |= o_create | o_append | o_wronly
                seek_to_end = true
            }
            `r` {
                flags |= o_rdonly
            }
            `b` {
                flags |= o_binary
            }
            `s` {
                flags |= o_sync
            }
            `n` {
                flags |= o_nonblock
            }
            `c` {
                flags |= o_noctty
            }
            `+` {
                flags &= ~o_wronly
                flags |= o_rdwr
            }
            else {}
        }
    }
    if mode == 'r+' {
        flags = o_rdwr
    }
    mut permission := 0o666
    if options.len > 0 {
        permission = options[0]
    }
    $if windows {
        if permission < 0o600 {
            permission = 0x0100
        } else {
            permission = 0x0100 | 0x0080
        }
    }
    p := fix_windows_path(path)
    fd := $if windows {
        C._wopen(p.to_wide(), flags, permission)
    } $else {
        C.open(&char(p.str), flags, permission)
    }
    if fd == -1 {
        return error(posix_get_error_msg(C.errno))
    }
    mut cfile := C.fdopen(fd, &char(mode.str))
    if isnil(cfile) {
        return error('Failed to open or create file "${path}"')
    }
    mut res := File{
        cfile:     cfile
        fd:        fd
        is_opened: true
    }
    if seek_to_end {
        // ensure appending will work, even on bsd/macos systems:
        res.seek(0, .end) or {}
    }
    return res
}

// open tries to open a file from a given path for reading.
pub fn open(path string) !File {
    /*
    $if linux {
        $if !android {
            fd := C.syscall(sys_open, path.str, 511)
            if fd == -1 {
                return error('failed to open file "${path}"')
            }
            return File{
                fd: fd
                is_opened: true
            }
        }
    }
    */
    cfile := vfopen(path, 'rb')!
    fd := fileno(cfile)
    return File{
        cfile:     cfile
        fd:        fd
        is_opened: true
    }
}

// create creates or opens a file at a specified location and returns a write-only `File` object.
@[noinline]
pub fn create(path string) !File {
    cfile := vfopen(path, 'wb')!
    fd := fileno(cfile)
    return File{
        cfile:     cfile
        fd:        fd
        is_opened: true
    }
}

// stdin returns an os.File for stdin.
pub fn stdin() File {
    return File{
        fd:        0
        cfile:     voidptr(C.stdin)
        is_opened: true
    }
}

// stdout returns an os.File for stdout.
pub fn stdout() File {
    return File{
        fd:        1
        cfile:     voidptr(C.stdout)
        is_opened: true
    }
}

// stderr returns an os.File for stderr.
pub fn stderr() File {
    return File{
        fd:        2
        cfile:     voidptr(C.stderr)
        is_opened: true
    }
}

// eof returns true, when the end of file has been reached.
pub fn (f &File) eof() bool {
    cfile := unsafe { &C.FILE(f.cfile) }
    return C.feof(cfile) != 0
}

// reopen allows a `File` to be reused. It is mostly useful for reopening standard input and output.
pub fn (mut f File) reopen(path string, mode string) ! {
    p := fix_windows_path(path)
    mut cfile := &C.FILE(unsafe { nil })
    $if windows {
        cfile = C._wfreopen(p.to_wide(), mode.to_wide(), f.cfile)
    } $else {
        cfile = C.freopen(&char(p.str), &char(mode.str), f.cfile)
    }
    if isnil(cfile) {
        return error('Failed to reopen file "${path}"')
    }
    f.cfile = cfile
}

// read implements the Reader interface.
pub fn (f &File) read(mut buf []u8) !int {
    if !f.is_opened || isnil(f.cfile) {
        return error_file_not_opened()
    }
    if buf.len == 0 {
        return Eof{}
    }
    // the following is needed, because on FreeBSD, C.feof is a macro:
    nbytes := int(C.fread(buf.data, 1, buf.len, unsafe { &C.FILE(f.cfile) }))
    // if no bytes were read, check for errors and end-of-file.
    if nbytes <= 0 {
        if C.feof(unsafe { &C.FILE(f.cfile) }) != 0 {
            return Eof{}
        }
        if C.ferror(unsafe { &C.FILE(f.cfile) }) != 0 {
            return NotExpected{
                cause: 'unexpected error from fread'
                code:  -1
            }
        }
    }
    return nbytes
}

// **************************** Write ops  ***************************

// write implements the Writer interface.
// It returns how many bytes were actually written.
pub fn (mut f File) write(buf []u8) !int {
    if !f.is_opened || isnil(f.cfile) {
        return error_file_not_opened()
    }
    /*
    $if linux {
        $if !android {
            res := C.syscall(sys_write, f.fd, s.str, s.len)
            return res
        }
    }
    */
    written := int(C.fwrite(buf.data, 1, buf.len, f.cfile))
    if written == 0 && buf.len != 0 {
        return error('0 bytes written')
    }
    return written
}

// writeln writes the string `s` into the file, and appends a \n character.
// It returns how many bytes were written, including the \n character.
pub fn (mut f File) writeln(s string) !int {
    if !f.is_opened {
        return error_file_not_opened()
    }
    written := f.write_string(s)!
    x := C.fputs(c'\n', f.cfile)
    if x < 0 {
        return error('could not add newline')
    }
    return written + 1
}

// write_string writes the string `s` into the file.
// It returns how many bytes were actually written.
pub fn (mut f File) write_string(s string) !int {
    unsafe { f.write_full_buffer(s.str, usize(s.len))! }
    return s.len
}

// write_to implements the RandomWriter interface.
// It returns how many bytes were actually written.
// It resets the seek position to the end of the file.
pub fn (mut f File) write_to(pos u64, buf []u8) !int {
    if !f.is_opened {
        return error_file_not_opened()
    }
    f.seek(pos, .start) or {}
    res := int(C.fwrite(buf.data, 1, buf.len, f.cfile))
    if res == 0 && buf.len != 0 {
        return error('0 bytes written')
    }
    f.seek(0, .end) or {}
    return res
}

// write_ptr writes `size` bytes to the file, starting from the address in `data`.
// Note: write_ptr is unsafe and should be used carefully, since if you pass invalid
// pointers to it, it will cause your programs to segfault.
@[unsafe]
pub fn (mut f File) write_ptr(data voidptr, size int) int {
    return int(C.fwrite(data, 1, size, f.cfile))
}

// write_full_buffer writes a whole buffer of data to the file, starting from the
// address in `buffer`, no matter how many tries/partial writes it would take.
// The size in bytes, of the `buffer`, should be passed in `buffer_len`.
@[unsafe]
pub fn (mut f File) write_full_buffer(buffer voidptr, buffer_len usize) ! {
    if buffer_len <= usize(0) {
        return
    }
    if !f.is_opened {
        return error_file_not_opened()
    }
    mut ptr := &u8(buffer)
    mut remaining_bytes := i64(buffer_len)
    for remaining_bytes > 0 {
        unsafe {
            C.errno = 0
            x := i64(C.fwrite(ptr, 1, remaining_bytes, f.cfile))
            cerror := int(C.errno)
            ptr += x
            remaining_bytes -= x
            if cerror != 0 {
                if cerror == C.EINTR {
                    continue
                }
                if i64(x) != i64(buffer_len) {
                    return error(posix_get_error_msg(cerror))
                }
            }
            if x <= 0 {
                return error('C.fwrite returned 0')
            }
        }
    }
}

// write_ptr_at writes `size` bytes to the file, starting from the address in `data`,
// at byte offset `pos`, counting from the start of the file (pos 0).
// Note: write_ptr_at is unsafe and should be used carefully, since if you pass invalid
// pointers to it, it will cause your programs to segfault.
@[unsafe]
pub fn (mut f File) write_ptr_at(data voidptr, size int, pos u64) int {
    f.seek(pos, .start) or {}
    res := int(C.fwrite(data, 1, size, f.cfile))
    f.seek(0, .end) or {}
    return res
}

// **************************** Read ops  ***************************

// fread wraps C.fread and handles error and end-of-file detection.
fn fread(ptr voidptr, item_size int, items int, stream &C.FILE) !int {
    nbytes := int(C.fread(ptr, item_size, items, stream))
    // If no bytes were read, check for errors and end-of-file.
    if nbytes <= 0 {
        // If fread encountered end-of-file return the none error. Note that fread
        // may read data and encounter the end-of-file, but we shouldn't return none
        // in that case which is why we only check for end-of-file if no data was
        // read. The caller will get none on their next call because there will be
        // no data available and the end-of-file will be encountered again.
        if C.feof(stream) != 0 {
            return Eof{}
        }
        // If fread encountered an error, return it. Note that fread and ferror do
        // not tell us what the error was, so we can't return anything more specific
        // than there was an error. This is because fread and ferror do not set
        // errno.
        if C.ferror(stream) != 0 {
            return error('file read error')
        }
    }
    return nbytes
}

// read_bytes reads `size` bytes from the beginning of the file.
// Utility method, same as .read_bytes_at(size, 0).
pub fn (f &File) read_bytes(size int) []u8 {
    return f.read_bytes_at(size, 0)
}

// read_bytes_at reads `size` bytes at the given position in the file.
pub fn (f &File) read_bytes_at(size int, pos u64) []u8 {
    mut arr := []u8{len: size}
    nreadbytes := f.read_bytes_into(pos, mut arr) or {
        // return err
        return []
    }
    return arr[0..nreadbytes]
}

// read_bytes_with_newline reads from the current position of the file into the provided buffer.
// Each consecutive call on the same file, continues reading, from where it previously ended.
// A read call is either stopped, if the buffer is full, a newline was read or EOF.
// On EOF, the method returns 0. The methods will also return any IO error encountered.
pub fn (f &File) read_bytes_with_newline(mut buf []u8) !int {
    if !f.is_opened {
        return error_file_not_opened()
    }
    if buf.len == 0 {
        return error(@FN + ': `buf.len` == 0')
    }
    newline := 10
    mut c := 0
    mut buf_ptr := 0
    mut nbytes := 0

    stream := unsafe { &C.FILE(f.cfile) }
    for (buf_ptr < buf.len) {
        c = C.getc(stream)
        match c {
            C.EOF {
                if C.feof(stream) != 0 {
                    return nbytes
                }
                if C.ferror(stream) != 0 {
                    return error('file read error')
                }
            }
            newline {
                buf[buf_ptr] = u8(c)
                nbytes++
                return nbytes
            }
            else {
                buf[buf_ptr] = u8(c)
                buf_ptr++
                nbytes++
            }
        }
    }
    return nbytes
}

// read_bytes_into fills `buf` with bytes at the given position in the file.
// `buf` *must* have length greater than zero.
// Returns the number of read bytes, or an error.
pub fn (f &File) read_bytes_into(pos u64, mut buf []u8) !int {
    if !f.is_opened {
        return error_file_not_opened()
    }
    if buf.len == 0 {
        return error(@FN + ': `buf.len` == 0')
    }
    // Note: fseek errors if pos == os.file_size, which we accept
    unsafe { f.seek(pos, .start) or {} }
    nbytes := fread(buf.data, 1, buf.len, f.cfile)!
    return nbytes
}

// read_from implements the RandomReader interface.
pub fn (f &File) read_from(pos u64, mut buf []u8) !int {
    if !f.is_opened {
        return error_file_not_opened()
    }
    if buf.len == 0 {
        return 0
    }
    unsafe { f.seek(pos, .start) or {} }
    nbytes := fread(buf.data, 1, buf.len, f.cfile)!
    return nbytes
}

// read_into_ptr reads at most `max_size` bytes from the file and writes it into ptr.
// Returns the amount of bytes read or an error.
pub fn (f &File) read_into_ptr(ptr &u8, max_size int) !int {
    if !f.is_opened {
        return error_file_not_opened()
    }
    return fread(ptr, 1, max_size, f.cfile)
}

// **************************** Utility  ops ***********************

// flush writes any buffered unwritten data left in the file stream.
pub fn (mut f File) flush() {
    if !f.is_opened {
        return
    }
    C.fflush(f.cfile)
}

pub struct FileNotOpenedError {
    Error
}

pub fn (err FileNotOpenedError) msg() string {
    return 'os: file not opened'
}

pub struct SizeOfTypeIs0Error {
    Error
}

pub fn (err SizeOfTypeIs0Error) msg() string {
    return 'os: size of type is 0'
}

fn error_file_not_opened() IError {
    return &FileNotOpenedError{}
}

fn error_size_of_type_0() IError {
    return &SizeOfTypeIs0Error{}
}

// read_struct reads a single plain-data struct of type `T`.
// `T` must not contain strings, dynamic arrays, maps, pointers, interfaces, or function values.
pub fn (mut f File) read_struct[T](mut t T) ! {
    if !f.is_opened {
        return error_file_not_opened()
    }
    tsize := int(sizeof(T))
    if tsize == 0 {
        return error_size_of_type_0()
    }
    nbytes := fread(voidptr(&t), 1, tsize, f.cfile)!
    if nbytes != tsize {
        return error_with_code('incomplete struct read', nbytes)
    }
}

// read_struct_at reads a single plain-data struct of type `T` at position specified in file.
// `T` must not contain strings, dynamic arrays, maps, pointers, interfaces, or function values.
pub fn (mut f File) read_struct_at[T](mut t T, pos u64) ! {
    if !f.is_opened {
        return error_file_not_opened()
    }
    tsize := int(sizeof(T))
    if tsize == 0 {
        return error_size_of_type_0()
    }
    f.seek(pos, .start) or {}
    nbytes := fread(voidptr(&t), 1, tsize, f.cfile)!
    f.seek(0, .end) or {}
    if nbytes != tsize {
        return error_with_code('incomplete struct read', nbytes)
    }
}

// read_raw reads and returns a single plain-data instance of type `T`.
// `T` must not contain strings, dynamic arrays, maps, pointers, interfaces, or function values.
pub fn (mut f File) read_raw[T]() !T {
    if !f.is_opened {
        return error_file_not_opened()
    }
    tsize := int(sizeof(T))
    if tsize == 0 {
        return error_size_of_type_0()
    }
    mut t := T{}
    nbytes := fread(&t, 1, tsize, f.cfile)!
    if nbytes != tsize {
        return error_with_code('incomplete struct read', nbytes)
    }
    return t
}

// read_raw_at reads and returns a single plain-data instance of type `T` starting at file byte offset `pos`.
// `T` must not contain strings, dynamic arrays, maps, pointers, interfaces, or function values.
pub fn (mut f File) read_raw_at[T](pos u64) !T {
    if !f.is_opened {
        return error_file_not_opened()
    }
    tsize := int(sizeof(T))
    if tsize == 0 {
        return error_size_of_type_0()
    }
    mut t := T{}
    f.seek(pos, .start)!
    nbytes := fread(&t, 1, tsize, f.cfile)!
    f.seek(0, .end)!
    if nbytes != tsize {
        return error_with_code('incomplete struct read', nbytes)
    }
    return t
}

// write_struct writes a single plain-data struct of type `T`.
// `T` must not contain strings, dynamic arrays, maps, pointers, interfaces, or function values.
pub fn (mut f File) write_struct[T](t &T) ! {
    if !f.is_opened {
        return error_file_not_opened()
    }
    tsize := int(sizeof(T))
    if tsize == 0 {
        return error_size_of_type_0()
    }
    C.errno = 0
    nbytes := int(C.fwrite(t, 1, tsize, f.cfile))
    if C.errno != 0 {
        return error(posix_get_error_msg(C.errno))
    }
    if nbytes != tsize {
        return error_with_code('incomplete struct write', nbytes)
    }
}

// write_struct_at writes a single plain-data struct of type `T` at file byte offset `pos`.
// `T` must not contain strings, dynamic arrays, maps, pointers, interfaces, or function values.
pub fn (mut f File) write_struct_at[T](t &T, pos u64) ! {
    if !f.is_opened {
        return error_file_not_opened()
    }
    tsize := usize(sizeof(T))
    if tsize == 0 {
        return error_size_of_type_0()
    }
    f.seek(pos, .start) or {}
    unsafe { f.write_full_buffer(t, tsize)! }
    f.seek(0, .end) or {}
}

// TODO: `write_raw[_at]` implementations are copy-pasted from `write_struct[_at]`

// write_raw writes a single plain-data instance of type `T`.
// `T` must not contain strings, dynamic arrays, maps, pointers, interfaces, or function values.
pub fn (mut f File) write_raw[T](t &T) ! {
    if !f.is_opened {
        return error_file_not_opened()
    }
    tsize := usize(sizeof(T))
    if tsize == 0 {
        return error_size_of_type_0()
    }
    unsafe { f.write_full_buffer(t, tsize)! }
}

// write_raw_at writes a single plain-data instance of type `T` starting at file byte offset `pos`.
// `T` must not contain strings, dynamic arrays, maps, pointers, interfaces, or function values.
pub fn (mut f File) write_raw_at[T](t &T, pos u64) ! {
    if !f.is_opened {
        return error_file_not_opened()
    }
    tsize := usize(sizeof(T))
    if tsize == 0 {
        return error_size_of_type_0()
    }
    f.seek(pos, .start)!
    unsafe { f.write_full_buffer(t, tsize)! }
    f.seek(0, .end)!
}

pub enum SeekMode {
    start
    current
    end
}

// seek moves the file cursor (if any) associated with a file to a new location, offset `pos` bytes from the origin.
// The origin is dependent on the `mode` and can be:
//   .start   -> the origin is the start of the file
//   .current -> the current position/cursor in the file
//   .end     -> the end of the file
// If the file is not seek-able, or an error occurs, the error will
// be returned to the caller.
// A successful call to the fseek() function clears the end-of-file
// indicator for the file.
pub fn (mut f File) seek(pos i64, mode SeekMode) ! {
    if !f.is_opened {
        return error_file_not_opened()
    }
    whence := int(mode)
    mut res := 0
    $if x64 {
        $if windows {
            res = C._fseeki64(f.cfile, pos, whence)
        } $else {
            res = C.fseek(f.cfile, pos, whence)
        }
    }
    $if x32 {
        res = C.fseek(f.cfile, pos, whence)
    }
    if res == -1 {
        return error(posix_get_error_msg(C.errno))
    }
}

// tell will return the current offset of the file cursor measured from the start of the file, in bytes.
// It is complementary to seek, i.e. you can use the return value as the `pos` parameter to .seek( pos, .start ),
// so that your next read will happen from the same place.
pub fn (f &File) tell() !i64 {
    if !f.is_opened {
        return error_file_not_opened()
    }

    mut pos := i64(0)
    mut ret := 0
    $if windows {
        ret = C.fgetpos(f.cfile, &pos)
    } $else {
        pos = i64(C.ftell(f.cfile))
    }
    if ret == -1 || pos == -1 {
        return error(posix_get_error_msg(C.errno))
    }
    return pos
}