module builtin

fn C.setvbuf(fstream &C.FILE, buffer &char, mode i32, size usize) i32

// set_stream_unbuffered switches a stdio stream to unbuffered mode without using the
// deprecated `setbuf` API on Windows toolchains.
@[unsafe]
fn set_stream_unbuffered(stream &C.FILE) {
    C.setvbuf(stream, &char(nil), C._IONBF, usize(0))
}

// eprintln prints a message with a line end, to stderr. Both stderr and stdout are flushed.
@[if !noeprintln ?]
pub fn eprintln(s string) {
    $if builtin_print_use_fprintf ? {
        C.fprintf(C.stderr, c'%.*s\n', s.len, s.str)
        return
    }
    $if freestanding {
        // flushing is only a thing with C.FILE from stdio.h, not on the syscall level
        bare_eprint(s.str, u64(s.len))
        bare_eprint(c'\n', 1)
    } $else $if ios {
        C.WrappedNSLog(s.str)
    } $else {
        flush_stdout()
        flush_stderr()
        // eprintln is used in panics, so it should not fail at all
        $if android && !termux {
            C.android_print(C.stderr, c'%.*s\n', s.len, s.str)
        }
        _writeln_to_fd(2, s)
        flush_stderr()
    }
}

// eprint prints a message to stderr. Both stderr and stdout are flushed.
@[if !noeprintln ?]
pub fn eprint(s string) {
    $if builtin_print_use_fprintf ? {
        C.fprintf(C.stderr, c'%.*s', s.len, s.str)
        return
    }
    $if freestanding {
        // flushing is only a thing with C.FILE from stdio.h, not on the syscall level
        bare_eprint(s.str, u64(s.len))
    } $else $if ios {
        // TODO: Implement a buffer as NSLog doesn't have a "print"
        C.WrappedNSLog(s.str)
    } $else {
        flush_stdout()
        flush_stderr()
        $if android && !termux {
            C.android_print(C.stderr, c'%.*s', s.len, s.str)
        }
        _write_buf_to_fd(2, s.str, s.len)
        flush_stderr()
    }
}

// flush_stdout flushes the stdout buffer, ensuring all remaining data is written.
// See also unbuffer_stdout() .
pub fn flush_stdout() {
    $if freestanding {
        not_implemented := 'flush_stdout is not implemented\n'
        bare_eprint(not_implemented.str, u64(not_implemented.len))
    } $else $if builtin_write_buf_to_fd_should_use_c_write ? {
        // Native backends do not reliably resolve C.stdout/C.stderr data symbols.
        // Flush all libc output streams without referencing those globals directly.
        C.fflush(unsafe { nil })
    } $else {
        C.fflush(C.stdout)
    }
}

// flush_stderr flushes the stderr buffer, ensuring all remaining data is written.
pub fn flush_stderr() {
    $if freestanding {
        not_implemented := 'flush_stderr is not implemented\n'
        bare_eprint(not_implemented.str, u64(not_implemented.len))
    } $else $if builtin_write_buf_to_fd_should_use_c_write ? {
        // Native backends do not reliably resolve C.stdout/C.stderr data symbols.
        // Flush all libc output streams without referencing those globals directly.
        C.fflush(unsafe { nil })
    } $else {
        C.fflush(C.stderr)
    }
}

// unbuffer_stdout will turn off the default buffering done for stdout.
// It will affect all consequent print and println calls, effectively making them behave like
// eprint and eprintln do. It is useful for programs, that want to produce progress bars, without
// cluttering your code with a flush_stdout() call after every print() call. It is also useful for
// programs (sensors), that produce small chunks of output, that you want to be able to process
// immediately.
// Note 1: if used, *it should be called at the start of your program*, before using
// print or println().
// Note 2: most libc implementations, have logic that use line buffering for stdout, when the output
// stream is connected to an interactive device, like a terminal, and otherwise fully buffer it,
// which is good for the output performance for programs that can produce a lot of output (like
// filters, or cat etc), but bad for latency. V uses unbuffered stdout by default on the common C
// backends, to make print and println visible immediately even when stdout is redirected.
// See https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Buffering-Concepts.html .
// See https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/V2_chap02.html#tag_15_05 .
pub fn unbuffer_stdout() {
    $if vinix {
        return
    } $else $if freestanding {
        not_implemented := 'unbuffer_stdout is not implemented\n'
        bare_eprint(not_implemented.str, u64(not_implemented.len))
    } $else $if builtin_write_buf_to_fd_should_use_c_write ? {
        // Native backends already print via write(), so there is no stdio buffer to adjust here.
        return
    } $else {
        unsafe { set_stream_unbuffered(C.stdout) }
    }
}

// print prints a message to stdout.
@[manualfree]
pub fn print(s string) {
    $if builtin_print_use_fprintf ? {
        C.fprintf(C.stdout, c'%.*s', s.len, s.str)
        return
    }
    $if android && !termux {
        C.android_print(C.stdout, c'%.*s\n', s.len, s.str)
    } $else $if ios {
        // TODO: Implement a buffer as NSLog doesn't have a "print"
        C.WrappedNSLog(s.str)
    } $else $if freestanding {
        bare_print(s.str, u64(s.len))
    } $else {
        _write_buf_to_fd(1, s.str, s.len)
    }
}

// println prints a message with a line end, to stdout.
@[if !noprintln ?; manualfree]
pub fn println(s string) {
    $if builtin_print_use_fprintf ? {
        C.fprintf(C.stdout, c'%.*s\n', s.len, s.str)
        return
    }
    $if android && !termux {
        C.android_print(C.stdout, c'%.*s\n', s.len, s.str)
        return
    } $else $if ios {
        C.WrappedNSLog(s.str)
        return
    } $else $if freestanding {
        bare_print(s.str, u64(s.len))
        bare_print(c'\n', 1)
        return
    } $else {
        _writeln_to_fd(1, s)
    }
}

@[manualfree]
fn _writeln_to_fd(fd int, s string) {
    $if builtin_writeln_should_write_at_once ? {
        unsafe {
            buf_len := s.len + 1 // space for \n
            mut buf := malloc(buf_len)
            C.memcpy(buf, s.str, s.len)
            buf[s.len] = `\n`
            _write_buf_to_fd(fd, buf, buf_len)
            free(buf)
        }
    } $else {
        lf := u8(`\n`)
        _write_buf_to_fd(fd, s.str, s.len)
        _write_buf_to_fd(fd, &lf, 1)
    }
}

@[manualfree]
fn _write_buf_to_fd(fd int, buf &u8, buf_len int) {
    if buf_len <= 0 {
        return
    }
    mut ptr := unsafe { buf }
    mut remaining_bytes := isize(buf_len)
    mut x := isize(0)
    $if windows {
        if write_buf_to_console(fd, ptr, int(remaining_bytes)) {
            return
        }
    }
    $if freestanding || vinix || builtin_write_buf_to_fd_should_use_c_write ? {
        // Flush any pending libc stdio output (from C.puts, C.putchar, etc.)
        // before writing directly via write() syscall to prevent output reordering.
        C.fflush(unsafe { nil })
        unsafe {
            for remaining_bytes > 0 {
                x = C.write(fd, ptr, remaining_bytes)
                if x <= 0 {
                    // Detached/invalid stdio must not trap the process in an infinite loop.
                    break
                }
                ptr += x
                remaining_bytes -= x
            }
        }
    } $else {
        mut stream := voidptr(C.stdout)
        if fd == 2 {
            stream = voidptr(C.stderr)
        }
        unsafe {
            for remaining_bytes > 0 {
                x = isize(C.fwrite(ptr, 1, remaining_bytes, stream))
                if x <= 0 {
                    // GUI programs on Windows may not have a writable stdout/stderr stream.
                    break
                }
                ptr += x
                remaining_bytes -= x
            }
        }
    }
}